Which term refers to the practice of raising and lowering scenery and lighting in a controlled manner?

The term that refers to the practice of raising and lowering scenery and lighting in a controlled manner is flying. Flying is an essential technique used in theatre rigging, where items such as backdrops, lights, or stage scenery are suspended from a rail system and can be moved vertically to create different stage environments or effects. This practice allows for quick scene changes and dynamic staging during performances, contributing to the overall visual storytelling of a production.

In the context of theatre rigging, flying systems are designed to operate safely and efficiently, allowing operators to accurately control the ascent and descent of various elements. This method contrasts significantly with other options like fastening, anchoring, or trussing, which do not specifically involve the raising and lowering of items but rather focus on securing or supporting structures and equipment on stage.